![]() The keyed trumpet was eventually replaced by the valved trumpet in the 19th century, an instrument more versatile than the keyed version. While Weidinger's trumpet allowed the player to hit notes not possible on the natural trumpet, his keyed system proved to be very difficult to learn and play. The entire compass of the trumpet from the bottom to the top is used to good effect throughout. The soloist plays rapid repeated notes, trills, and other dazzling figurations throughout the rondo. Allegro - Haydn writes an energetic rondo as the final movement. Andante - Again Haydn exploits the keyed trumpet by giving it a gentle melody to play with the orchestra in this short movement. The orchestra returns and brings the movement to a close. The recapitulation repeats the opening motive by the soloist until Haydn gives a fermata rest for the orchestra while the soloist plays a cadenza. The soloist expands upon the opening motives and enters into a dialogue with the orchestra in the development section, but the soloist remains in the spotlight. When the solo trumpet enters it repeats the opening motive, and Haydn exploits the expanded compass of Weidinger's keyed trumpet with notes that would not be possible on a natural trumpet. Haydn doesn't always have markedly different themes in his sonata movements, and this section is dominated by a martial theme that is punctuated by timpani and trumpets. Allegro -The concerto begins with the presentation of motives by the orchestra. Haydn wrote the work in 1795 or 1796, and the concerto was performed by Weidinger in 1800. Haydn's reputation as a musician was based on his composition abilities as well as his handling of his musical duties while he was Kappelmeister to the Esterházy family, which is one reason for the low number of concertos he wrote. Mozart and Beethoven wrote concertos mostly for their own use before the public, especially Mozart who wrote 26 piano concertos alone. Haydn was a very competent pianist and violinist, but he didn't begin his career in music as a virtuoso performer. Haydn was a very prolific composer, as his known compositions number about 1,000 with probably many more unknown and lost works, but he wrote only 17 concertos. This trumpet was capable of playing the notes of the scale throughout its range and made the trumpet a melody instrument which led Weidinger to tour Europe and play his keyed trumpet to much acclaim. But Haydn was not commissioned to write a concerto for a natural trumpet, but for a keyed trumpet of Weidinger's design. When he was approached by Anton Weidinger, a trumpeter in the Vienna Court Orchestra, for a trumpet concerto, the offer tweaked Haydn's curiosity and he accepted. Haydn used the trumpet in the orchestra as most composers did in his time, mainly as a support for the home key and for fanfares. Some players became so skilled in these difficult high notes that they could play melodies of great complexity on the natural trumpet, which led composers of the Baroque era such as Vivaldi and Bach to write highly decorated and florid solo parts for these trumpet virtuosos. In the upper register of the instrument more notes are available and a scale of the home key can be played. Different lengths of tubing were devised that could be exchanged on the instrument to lengthen or shorten the tube so that other keys could be played. The range of notes in the lower range of the instrument were further limited to a major chord, thus when the trumpet became part of the symphony orchestra they were restricted to the notes of the home key. Player using lip tension and breath pressure. Different notes within the harmonic series were sounded by the These natural instruments (as they had no valves) were limited in the notes they could play, as the length of tubing determined the key of the instrument. it wasn't until around the 13th century that the tubing was folded back on itself one or more times to make the instrument compact. ![]() These ancient metal trumpets were usually in one long straight section. The trumpet was also used for religious and civic ceremonies, such as heralding the arrival of important people such as kings. The metal trumpet was known at least as early as 1500 BC and examples have been found in many different locations in the world. The trumpet was probably first used as a method to convey signals and directions to armies in battle, with its loudness helping it to be heard over the din of war.
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